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Studies have shown that plasma apolipoprotein B (ApoB) has a good predictive value for ischemic stroke and plays an important role in the prevention and treatment of ischemic stroke. More and more guidelines and consensus opinions began to recommend ApoB as a routine intervention target. This article reviews the biological characteristics, clinical detection advantages, and role and treatment prospect of ApoB in the prevention and treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Objective To investigate the diagnostic value and the impact on treatment decision of 18F-FDG PET/CT in differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) patients with elevated serum thyroglobulin (Tg) levels and negative radioiodine 131I post-therapy whole body scan (131I-RxWBS).Methods Totally 72 patients with DTC who had elevated serum Tg levels and negative 131I-RxWBS were enrolled,and 18F-FDG PET/CT was performed.The imaging results of 18F-FDG PET/CT were compared with the clinical results of surgical pathology or 6 to 36 months follow up.The diagnostic efficacy of 18F-FDG PET/CT in detection of recurrence and/or metastasis of DTC with elevated Tg levels and negative 131I-RxWBS was evaluated.Results The accuracy,sensitivity,specificity,positive prediction value and negative prediction value of 18F-FDG PET/CT in diagnosis of DTC with elevated Tg levels and negative 131I-RxWBS was 83.33％ (60/72),89.47％ (34/38),76.47％ (26/34),80.95％ (34/42) and 86.67％ (26/30),respectively.18F-FDG PET/CT changed the treatment strategies of 35 patients (35/72,48.61 ％) among 72 patients,while recurrence or metastasis of DTC was not found during clinical follow-up in 23 of these 35 patients (23/35,65.71％) who underwent reoperation,but was detected in the other 12 patients (12/35,34.29％).Conclusion 18F-FDG PET/CT is a valuable method for detection of recurrence and/or metastasis of DTC with elevated Tg levels and negative 131I-RxWBS,also for guiding the follow-up treatment strategy.
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Purpose To explore the clinical value of131I-whole body scan (131I-WBS) and 18F-FDG PET/CT on the metastatic management of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) after operation.Materials and Methods Serum thyroglobulin (Tg) of 27 patients after DTC surgery was measured one day before131I therapy, and the patients underwent131I-WBS on 3-5 days after131I therapy. According to the results of Tg and 131I-WBS, all the patients were divided into 4 types as follows: type I: Tg (+),131I-WBS (-); type II: Tg (+),131I-WBS (+); type III: Tg (-),131I-WBS (+); and type IV: Tg (-), 131I-WBS (-). Then the patients received18F-FDG PET/CT scan within a week after 131I-WBS. The results of131I-WBS and18F-FDG PET/CT scan were analyzed according to histopathologic findings or clinical and imaging follow-up of at least 6 months as diagnosis standard.Results The examinations uncovered that metastasis occurred in 52 lesions of 22 cases out of the 27 cases.131I-WBS revealed 24 metastatic lesions (46.2%) in 8 cases (36.4%), and18F-FDG PET/CT showed 35 metastatic lesions (67.3%) in 15 cases (68.2%), the difference with statistic significance (χ2=4.46 and 4.74,P0.05). Based on that, therapeutic plans were modified for 13 patients with type I metastasis and 1 patient with type IV metastasis.Conclusion131I-WBS and18F-FDG PET/CT are complementary for detecting metastatic lesion and help to decide the following treatment of DTC patients after surgery. Moreover,18F-FDG PET/CT shows advantages in detecting metastatic lesion in Tg-positive and negative131I-WBS type of DTC patients after surgery, thus can provide an important clinical guidance for this type of patients.
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BACKGROUND: Inhaled glucocorticoids(IGC) are powerful anti_inflammatory agents used in the treatment of asthma. But it is still uncertain whether long-term use of the IGC affects bone metabolism in asthmatic patients, especially women.OBJECTIVE: To investigate if the prolonged treatment with IGC to Chinese asthmatic woman has a detrimental effect on bone mass and metabolism.DESIGN: A matched controlled study based on the patients SETTING:Clinical Laboratory and the Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University.PARTICIPANTS: From February 1998 to February 2002, forty female Chinese patients with bronchial asthma, regularly followed up at our outpatient clinic, all in the Nanjing area, none of them having a history of chronic systemic GC use, agreed to take part in the study, were selected and divided into two groups: therapeutic group (IGC group): 20 asthmatic women, aged 18-63 years, 5 menopausals, received IGC therapy regularly for at least 5 months; Control group: 20 asthmatic women, aged 18-60 years, 5 menopausals, never received IGC received conventional bronchodilators . They were matched individually for sex, age and menopausal status.METHODS: Bone mineral density (BMD) at the lumbar spine (2-4),femoral neck, trochanter, ward's triangle and total body of femur were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, BMD were expressed as a absolute value and a T score considered as a SD from peak bone mass respectively. Meanwhile, BMD was also expressed as a percentage (%), which was defined by comparing the BMD absolute value of subjects and BMD normal value of isosexual age cohorts. Osteocalcin and some other markers of bone metabolism were measured by radio immunoassay in two groups.daily dose and accumulative total dose of IGC and BMD in the IGC group.RESULTS: There were no significant difference between two groups in BMD and T score (including the lumbar spine (2-4), femoral neck,trochanter, ward' s triangle and total body of femur) (P ＞ 0.05). There were also no significant correlation between daily dose of IGC and BMD of above 5 parts in the IGC group (r=-0.325 to -0.1102, P ＞ 0.05). But,there were significantly negative correlation between the accumulative total dose of IGC and BMD at lumbar spine2-4,femoral neck and ward's triangle(r=-0.495 ,-0.517,-0.531 ,P ＜ 0.05).There were no significant correlation between the accumulative total dose of IGC and T score of above 5 parts in the IGC group (r=0.443to 0.295 ,P ＞ 0.05). There was negative correlation between the age and the BMD at ward's triangle in the IGC group(r=-0.506,P ＜ 0.05). However ,BMD at 5 locus were not correlated with the age in control group (r=-0.079 to 0.326, P ＞ 0.05).Osteocalcin and some other markers of bone metabolism were no significant difference between two groups (P ＞ 0.05).CONCLUSION: The data suggests that there is no significant influence of IGC on bone mineral density and bone metabolism in asthmatic women,but if continuing exposures to high doses over many years,there may be a detrimental effect on bone mass and metabolism in women, especially elder or postmenopausal asthmatic women treated with IGC who may be more susceptible to any bone mineral loss caused by IGC.
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Pirfenidone(PFD) is a newly developed anti-fibrotic agent. We evaluated the effect of PFD for the prevention of renal fibrosis using a spontaneous progressive glomerulosclerosis animal model, FGS/Kist mice. Male and female FGS/Kist mice were fed a diet containing 0.5% PFD or the same control diet (CD) without PFD, for 1, 2, or 3-month periods. Body weight was monitored for the general effect of PFD on the mice. Proteinuria and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were evaluated for renal function. The sclerosis index was examined for the morphological changes. There were no significant changes in body weight between the PFD and control groups in both sexes. Proteinuria levels were low in all the PFD groups compared to the corresponding CD groups. The sclerosis scores were also reduced in both sexes of the 3-month PFD groups (p<0.05), and glomerular filtration rates were increased in both sexes of the 3-month PFD groups compared to the CD groups. The treatment of PFD for 1 or 2-month periods did not have statistic significances but the treatment for 3 months had statistic significances in sclerosis and GFR compared to CD groups. These results suggested that long-term administration of PFD sup-pressed the progression of glomerulosclerosis and improved renal function of the renal function of the FGS/Kist mice.
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Animals , Female , Male , Mice , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology , Body Weight/drug effects , Disease Models, Animal , Fibrosis/prevention & control , Glomerular Filtration Rate , Glomerulonephritis/prevention & control , Kidney/drug effects , Kidney Diseases/prevention & control , Proteinuria/diagnosis , Pyridones/pharmacology , Sclerosis/prevention & control , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the relationship of proximal femur geometry and hip fracture in elderly women. Methods We compared proximal femur measurements made from the uninvolved hip of 48 plane anteroposterior pelvis radiographs of elderly women without fracture to those of the contralateral hip in a group of 43 cases with hip fracture. Measurements of Singh index, head diameter(HD), neck diameter(ND), femoral neck length(NL), neck shaft angle(NSA) and cortical thinckness of proximal femur were analyzed. Results The cortical thickness of proximal femur in hip fracture and without hip fracture groups was (10.9±3.1) mm and (13.2±2.9) mm, and the Singh index below Ⅲ° was 86.05% and 66.67%, respectively. No difference in HD,ND,NL and NSA could be demonstrated. Conclusions Singh index and cortical thickness of proximal femur may be used to predict the occurrence of the hip fracture in elderly women.
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To investigate the location of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in renal tissues of patients with interstitial nephritis(IN). Methods By in situ hybridization. EBER1 was detected in renal tissues of 12 IN patients and 10 patients with minimal change nephropathy (MCN) as control group. Results EBER1 was found positive in 3 renal tissues of IN patients. It mainly distributed in the nuclei of renal tubular cells, infiltration cells and glomerular cells and 10 MCN patients were all negative. Conclusion EBV infection may play an important role in the pathogenesis of IN. In different types of IN, EBV infection may play different role.
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Objective To study the effects of calcitonin on bone mineral density(BMD), bone strength and bone fragile fracture in osteoporosis. Methods This is a one year, single centered, prospective and randomized, opening study: 135 patients with osteoporosis were divided into calcitonin+calcium group and calcium group. Patients of calcitonin+calcium group received salmon calcitonin(Miacalcic was injected intramuscularly, 50 IU/day in first week, 50 IU/two days in second week and 50 IU/twice/week later) and calcium(calcium 600 mg/day), patients in another group received calcium(calcium 600 mg/day). The determination markers included serum calcium, serum phosphate, serum alkline phosphatase, osteocalcin and urine hydroxyproline before and after treatment, at same time all patients were examined by DEXA(lumbar, hip) and QUS(radius, tibia). Results After 1 year treatment, 53 patients of calcitonin+calcium group and 59 patients of calcium group were followed up. In calcitonin+calcium group, BMD of lumbar spine increased about 1%(P
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Objective To investigate the relationship of proximal femur geometry and hip fracture in elderly women. Methods We compared proximal femur measurements made from the uninvolved hip of 48 plane anteroposterior pelvis radiographs of elderly women without fracture to those of the contralateral hip in a group of 43 cases with hip fracture. Measurements of Singh index, head diameter(HD), neck diameter(ND), femoral neck length(NL), neck shaft angle(NSA) and cortical thinckness of proximal femur were analyzed. Results The cortical thickness of proximal femur in hip fracture and without hip fracture groups was (10.9?3 1) mm and (13 2?2 9) mm, and the Singh index below Ⅲ? was 86 05% and 66 67%, respectively. No difference in HD,ND,NL and NSA could be demonstrated. Conclusions Singh index and cortical thickness of proximal femur may be used to predict the occurrence of the hip fracture in elderly women.
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The cerebral infarction model was made according to Chen et al To evaluate the severity of infarction the quantity of Evan's blue was measured. The cerebral infarction size was determined by TTC stain. The results showed that ligating the right common carotid artery and the right middle cerebal artery and clamping the left common carotid artery could induce cerebral cortex in farction. Berbamine could decreased the level of Evan's blue and reduce the infarction size compared with control group. It suggests that berbamine possesses protective effect on experimental induced cerebral infarction.